Taxa de câmbio e Preço de ações: Evidências para o Brasil
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação existente entre o mercado de ações e a taxa de câmbio, investiga-se também a relação entre as volatilidades destes mercados no Brasil.
METODOLOGIA
Para medir a volatilidade (no período de 1999 a 2012) foram utilizados modelos auto-regressivos com heteroscedasticidade condicional (ARCH) e GARCH (Generalized ARCH). Para investigar a relação entre as variáveis utilizou-se modelos de Vetor Auto Regressivo (VAR) e Vetor de Correções de Erros (VEC).
RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES
As evidências sugerem que um aumento na taxa de câmbio leva a uma elevação nos preços das ações. Observa-se ainda, que a relação entre as variáveis é mais fraca quando é investigado apenas o período pós-crise (Setembro de 2008). Além disso, pode-se afirmar que o movimento do Ibovespa frente a um choque na taxa de câmbio é de queda gradual até aproximadamente o quarto mês, se estabilizando a partir daí. Quando as relações são investigadas por meio das volatilidades das variáveis, é encontrada uma relação significativa da taxa de câmbio para o preço das ações no período completo da amostra. Porém, no período de crise é encontrada uma relação bidirecional. Na relação inversa, um aumento da volatilidade da Taxa de Câmbio leva a uma redução na volatilidade do Ibovespa (ou uma redução da volatilidade da Taxa de Câmbio leva a um aumento na volatilidade do Ibovespa), enquanto na relação positiva, uma elevação na volatilidade do Ibovespa causa um aumento na volatilidade da taxa de câmbio e vice versa. Pode-se concluir que no período investigado prevaleceu a abordagem tradicional em que a taxa de câmbio tem impacto sobre os preços das ações. Para o período de crise há evidências de uma relação bidirecional entre taxa de câmbio e preços de ações corroborando as duas abordagens teóricas, a tradicional e a de Portfólio.
IMPLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS
Os resultados da relação têm implicações práticas para os reguladores que estão interessados no funcionamento adequado dos merca-dos financeiros, a volatilidade da taxa de câmbio tem impacto sobre condições macroeconômicas tais como choque de oferta agregada, volatilidade da inflação e custos de distribuição de bens de consumo. Significante interdependência também é documentada entre volatilidade da taxa de câmbio e desempenho econômico, incluindo a rentabilidade das empresas. Para investidores individuais e institucionais que estejam interessados na diversificação de carteiras, a volatilidade tem incrementado o risco associado com o portfólio inter-nacional e por isso os resultados apresentados neste estudo são importantes para a gestão de risco cambial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Preços de Ações; Taxa de Câmbio; Volatilidade.
EXCHANGE RATE AND STOCK PRICE: EVIDENCE FOR BRAZIL
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the stock market and the exchange rate. It also investigates the relationship between the volatilities of these markets in Brazil.
METHODOLOGY
To measure the volatility (in the period of 1999-2012) the paper uses autoregression models with conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and GARCH (Generalized ARCH). To investigate the relationship between the variables we used Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The evidence suggests that an increase in the exchange rate leads to an increase in stock prices. It is also observed that the relationship between the variables is weaker when analyzing the post-crisis period (September 2008). Moreover, it can be said that the movement of the BOVESPA when facing a shock in the exchange rate is of a gradual decline until about the fourth month and stabilizing thereafter. When relationships are investigated considering the volatilities of the variables, a significant relationship was found from the exchange rate to stock prices for the full sample period. However, during the crisis period was found a bidirectional relationship. In the inverse relationship, an increase in the exchange rate volatility is associated to a reduction in the Ibovespa volatility (or a reduction in the exchange rate volatility is associated to an increase in the Ibovespa volatility), while the positive relationship, an increase in Ibovespa volatility causes an increase in the exchange rate volatility and vice versa. One can conclude that in the investigated period prevailed the traditional approach in which the exchange rate has an impact on stock prices. For the crisis period there is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between exchange rate and stock prices corroborating both the traditional and the Portfolio theoretical approaches.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The results of the relationship have practical implications for regulators who are interested in the proper functioning of financial markets. The volatility of the exchange rate has an impact on macroeconomic conditions such as: aggregate supply shock, inflation volatility and distribution costs of consumer goods. Is also documented significant interdependence between exchange rate volatility and economic performance, including the profitability of companies. For individual and institutional investors who are interested in diversify-ing portfolios, volatility has increased the risk associated with international portfolio and so the results presented in this study are important for the managing foreign exchange risk
KEYWORDS
Stock Prices; Exchange Rate; Volatility.
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